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Episode 104: Farming the Sea

Episode Description:

An ever-growing demand for fresh seafood has pushed wild fish stocks around the world to the brink. In Florida, scientists and other experts are farming the sea in an attempt to alleviate some of these fishing pressures. "Aquaculture," or "fish farming," is the cultivation of marine or freshwater organisms. Some aquaculture methods have been highly criticized for their negative environmental impacts, but other, more environmentally friendly techniques, are being perfected at various research institutions in Florida.

Changing Seas travels from coast to coast, meeting with experts who raise fish for food production and to replenish depleted wild populations. Learn how scientists are making it possible to grow marine fish miles away from shore, and discover which Florida research facilities are testing new methods for making aquaculture more environmentally sustainable and efficient. Also visit Cedar Key, Florida, where aquaculture has helped to preserve the area’s rich fishing heritage. Here, former gillnet fishermen turned clam-farmers harvest their product with little impact to the local ecosystems.

People Profiles:

Meet the men and women featured in this episode.
Ken Leber, Ph.D.
Leslie Sturmer
Larry Brand, Ph.D.
Scotty Moots
Megan Davis, Ph.D.
Kevan Main, Ph.D.
Shawn Stephenson
Jon Gill
Capt. Bobby Witt
John Scarpa, Ph.D.
Chuck Weirich, Ph.D.
Marty Riche, Ph.D.
Paul Wills, Ph.D.
Chris Young
Kerry Mesner
Chad Young

Episode Links:

Aquaculture Network Information Center

"AquaNIC is the gateway to the world’s electronic resources for aquaculture information. Conceived in 1994 by the former USDA-Extension Service (currently Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service), this site provides access to all electronic aquaculture information at the national and international level. Its goals are to increase the quantity and quality of electronic information available to the aquaculture industry and to provide self-paced aquaculture instruction to the aquaculture industry."

"A Responsible Approach to Marine Stock Enhancement"

Published in 1995, this scientific paper by H. Lee Blankenship and Dr. Kenneth M. Leber presents 10 important factors to consider when assessing the production and replenishment of depleted marine organisms.

Can offshore aquaculture of carnivorous fish be sustainable?

"The University of Miami’s Aquaculture Program has partnered with the private companies Snapperfarm, Inc. and AquaSense, LLC to transfer technology and develop offshore aquaculture demonstration projects in Puerto Rico and the Bahamas. The Island School and Cape Eleuthera Institute are also partners in this initiative as well. The combined partnerships aim to demonstrate the environmental sustainability and economic viability of raising hatchery-reared fish in submerged cages in exposed sites in the Caribbean."

Conch Heritage Network

This site provides information on queen conch biology, history, conservation, and research projects located throughout Florida and the Caribbean.

Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Aquaculture

"This Division plays a key role in the regulation of aquaculture facilities and shellfish processing plants. It is responsible for the opening and closing of shellfish harvesting waters to protect human health; it ensures the continued productivity of oyster reefs through a restoration program and issues leases of submerged state lands for aquaculture."

Florida’s Marine Fisheries Enhancement Initiative

"The Initiative, a program under the supervision of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, is a public-private partnership. To help bolster Florida's sportfish populations that may otherwise be reduced by current demand, fishery scientists and managers advise creating a series of strategically networked hatcheries and grow-out facilities on both the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. This network, combined with parallel habitat restoration, will be the most efficient model for sustaining healthy sportfish populations."

Florida Shellfish Aquaculture Extension

"The University of Florida (UF) Shellfish Aquaculture Extension Program provides educational, technical, and organizational support to the clam farming industry. Here you will find information about clam farming, updates on research and extension projects, current supplier lists and a variety of other materials."

FWC Stock Enhancement Facility

"Built on 54 acres provided to the state by the Manatee County Port Authority, the Stock Enhancement Research Facility (SERF) consists of several key systems. These systems include a seawater pumping station, a 12,000 square foot hatchery building, 12 one-acre and six quarter-acre ponds, a discharge water effluent system, office, lab, and maintenance work areas. The facility’s stock enhancement program uses applied research to develop the technology for breeding and rearing finfish and mollusks to enhance or rebuild coastal fisheries."

Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Aquaculture

"At Florida Atlantic University’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute the goal is to research and develop economically feasible and environmentally sustainable methods to grow fish, mollusks and crustaceans for food and stock enhancement. Its 30-acre Aquaculture Development Park specializes in the use of freshwater and saltwater recirculation technology for several of its needs."

Mote Marine Laboratory Aquaculture Park

"Located in eastern Sarasota County, Florida, this park includes facilities for Mote’s aquaculture programs, including the Marine Aquaculture Program, the Sturgeon Commercial Demonstration Program and the Shrimp Commercial Demonstration Program. The Park will eventually serve as a site where the public can learn about and appreciate aquaculture at a visitor’s center and fish for reared aquaculture species in a constructed fishing pond."

Mote Aquaculture Park, Research and Development

"The mission of Mote's Center for Aquaculture Research and Development is to develop new, innovative and cost-effective systems and husbandry techniques to produce high-value marine and freshwater fishes and invertebrates. The goal is to advance the aquaculture industry and to support and expand stock enhancement research in Florida and worldwide."

Northern Hard Clam, Mercenaria mercenaria

The Smithsonian Marine Station at Ft. Pierce website provides scientific information on Northern Hard Clams, such as life history, diet, distribution, harvest and much more.

Pompano

This Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission website provides a brief detail on the ecology of the Florida Pompano.

Red Drum

This Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission website provides a short summary on the life history of Red Drum.

Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment

"The consortium is a multi-state U.S. initiative to help boost recovery of depleted fisheries. SCORE unites teams of scientists working in the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans to advance a more scientific approach for developing effective stock enhancement programs and restocking technologies."

Southern Cross

Located in Cedar Key, Florida, Southern Cross or "Clamelot" is "one of the largest hard shell clam farms in the nation." This hatchery produces Mercenaria mercenaria, commonly known as Little Neck clams or the Northern Quahog. Growing its own algae to feed the bivalves, Southern Cross clams require approximately 1 ˝ years to mature before they are ready for commercial distribution.

Sustainable Aquaculture Development/Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N.

The FAO or Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N. briefly highlights the benefits of integrated aquaculture for fish farmers. This site also promotes sustainable aquaculture development with particular concern for the benefit of human nutrition and poverty alleviation in many rural areas.

Southern Regional Aquaculture Center

The Regional Aquaculture Centers supports aquaculture research, development, demonstration, and education to enhance viable and profitable U.S. aquaculture production to benefit consumers, producers, service industries, and the American economy. The Southern Regional Aquaculture Center (SRAC) is one of five regional aquaculture centers established by Congress.

The Bivalve Bulletin

Created by the University of Florida‘s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), The Bivalve Bulletin is a quarterly newsletter that features the latest news on Florida’s shellfish aquaculture industry.

USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Pompano Study

The February 2009 issue of Agricultural Research highlights the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s efforts to grow premium seafood inland. In Ft. Pierce, Florida, researchers test re-circulating water systems, analyze ingredients for fishmeal, and much more.

Changing Seas would like to thank the following businesses:

Cedar Key Chamber of Commerce
618 Second Street
Cedar Key, FL 32625
(352) 543-5600

Dockside Inn & Resort
1160 Seaway Drive
South Hutchinson Island
Ft. Pierce, FL 34949
(772) 468-3555

Homewood Suites by Hilton
3470 Fruitville Road
Sarasota, FL 34237
(941) 365-7300

Old Fenimore Mill
11 Old Mill Drive
Cedar Key, FL 32625
(352) 543-9803

Red Roof Inn
3500 Southwest 42nd Street
Gainesville, FL 32608
(352) 336-3311

The Island Place at Cedar Key
1st and C Street
Cedar Key, FL 32625
(352) 543-5307

Wingate Inn & Suites
5464 Lena Road
Bradenton, FL 34211
(941) 755-0055

Cedar Cove Beach and Yacht Club
192 Second Street
Cedar Key, FL 32625
(352) 543-5332

DebonAir Mechanical Inc
2649 West 81 Street
Hialeah, FL 33016
(305) 826-2240

Changing Seas would also like to thank the following individuals and institutions who kindly allowed their footage and images to be used in this production:

Oceana

Pew Oceans Commission

Project Ocean

Alfredo Quarto
Mangrove Action Project

Ellen Hines, Marine Photobank

Special Thanks:
Judy Johnson – Cedar Key Chamber of Commerce

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